The Internet Market In Kuwait :: essays research papers

Numerous serious markets have been showed up in Middle East of late, and uncommonly in Kuwait. The One which I will talk about is the Internet serious market in Kuwait . Web has been an extraordinary interest in everywhere throughout the world. In 1992, The service of correspondence in Kuwait gave the web access. Since there was no network fascination toward the web, the cost of the offered support was really high. Since this organization was the just one created a specific market's item, they had swelled the cost to without a doubt the greatest expense that individuals would at present compensation. Therefore, there was a flat out requirement for rivalry. Rivalry brings down the value in view of the opposition for costumers. In addition, the offered support by the main organization didn't have the quality that value its value, similar to the lines were consistently occupied or regardless of whether you get associated with the system the association speed wouldn't be higher than 2400 bps. Organizations were once in a while considering joining this market, in light of the fact that the quantity of individuals requesting this administration was unsteady, and relying just upon the high instructed class or the college. In the course of the most recent 6 years, the interest of the web has extraordinarily expanded, and numerous serious organizations appeared at fulfill the buyer's interest. Numerous organizations began to break the imposing business model of this market, and the cost has been dropped staggeringly. In this manner, the interest of this market began to raise up once more. This opposition among organizations likewise raises the nature of the items in such a case that an organization put little innovation and capital into their yield, buyers would not accepting from them, rather they would purchase from the opposition. As I would see it, the organizations would get better preferences on the off chance that they made an uncommon markdown for understudies. The Internet Market In Kuwait :: papers research papers Numerous serious markets have been showed up in Middle East of late, and uniquely in Kuwait. The One which I will talk about is the Internet serious market in Kuwait . Web has been an incredible interest in everywhere throughout the world. In 1992, The service of correspondence in Kuwait gave the web access. Since there was no network fascination toward the web, the cost of the offered support was really high. Since this organization was the just one delivered a specific market's item, they had swelled the cost to unquestionably the greatest expense that individuals would in any case pay. Thus, there was an outright requirement for rivalry. Rivalry brings down the value in view of the opposition for costumers. In addition, the offered support by the main organization didn't have the quality that value its value, similar to the lines were consistently occupied or regardless of whether you get associated with the system the association speed wouldn't be higher than 2400 bps. Organizati ons were seldom considering joining this market, in light of the fact that the quantity of individuals requesting this administration was insecure, and relying just upon the high instructed class or the college. In the course of the most recent 6 years, the interest of the web has incredibly expanded, and numerous serious organizations appeared at fulfill the customer's interest. Numerous organizations began to break the restraining infrastructure of this market, and the cost has been dropped amazingly. Along these lines, the interest of this market began to raise up once more. This opposition among organizations additionally raises the nature of the items supposing that an organization put little innovation and capital into their yield, purchasers would not accepting from them, rather they would purchase from the opposition. As I would see it, the organizations would get better points of interest on the off chance that they made an extraordinary rebate for understudies.

Models Theories

Question: Drawing on the speculations and models introduced in BZ251 Consumer Behavior, set up a short report for Pastor Pat examining the elements to be considered for this endeavor. Answer: Presentation The period of industrialization needs an improving element among the business arrangements, which in wording characterizes the ability and intensity of the association. Buyer conduct is the most significant viewpoint for finding improved advertising procedures, which will keep up their situation in the serious market. Purchaser conduct can be characterized as, the strategy of the understanding the client needs utilizing legitimate methodology and administrations to satisfy the buyer needs (Aviv et al. 2015). Shopper conduct includes human science, brain research and social humanities. The segment study is done on the clients to comprehend the conduct of them to adapt up to the variable needs of them. An association should have some compelling arranging and measures to align the variable needs of their clients. As indicated by the setting of this report, Pastor Pat has chosen to set up a consolidated Christian book shop with the alternative of Op-Shop in Bankstown NSW. Minister Pat ha s intended to mastermind music set up and endowments with in his shops, which will make it progressively appealing and creative to their client (Cantallops and Salvi 2014). Components significant for thinking about the endeavor: The financial speculator must be worried about the endeavor while he is choosing the venture. Furthermore, it is the obligation of the business visionary to think about a few factors before choosing the endeavor. The quick development of the financial speculator industry caused as there are accessibility of extraordinary measure of capital. This implies, the business people are confronting baffling decision between the various wellsprings of fund. The accompanying variables will support Mr. Pat to actualize his choice: Hands on or hands off development: The hands on approach of the executives includes the portrayal ready. It chiefly includes the cooperation in the middle of the business visionary and adventure modern. There is an endeavor produced for the formation of significant worth in the warning board. It involves the enlistment and finding the specialized cooperation. Organizing adaptability of the arrangement: Every business visionary should search out for the subsidizing which addresses best the issues of him. There are a few assets, which are entirely adaptable in the event of thinking about the significant components for the endeavor choice. Others have the an extraordinary guidelines, however there are different advances in the middle of these two boundaries. Alternative of leaving the desires: The leaving goal of the financial speculator, where these are: exchange deal, citations, or repurchase, these are not explained at the main stage, as it might cause the purpose behind building up the contention in the association. There must be clear understanding in the middle of these two, so the business visionary make it sure that the goal of leaving isn't smothering his advantage. Feasibility and adaptability of the assets: It is the obligations of the business person ensure that the assets have submitted benefactors. There ought not be speedy acknowledgment of significance of the capital additions. Records of the track identified with assets with its group: Entrepreneur should screen the period for which the assets have been saved of. There must be a decent science between these two elements. The responsibility of the group ought to for full time with the best possible experience of general administration. The previously mentioned factors are basic for choosing an endeavor for promoting. For setting a One-Stop Shop in the focal point of the Bankstown these elements will be useful to his pioneering methodology advancement. Significance of customer conduct in adventure: Customer conduct has a few issues for understanding the issues of the purchaser and to do improvement among the procedures required into the business strategies: The clients consistently picked between the brands, retailers and items as indicated by their mental conduct of them (Claiborne and Sirgy 2015). The ecological impact on the customer brain research Shopper conduct while thinking about the other promoting choices and shopping. A confinement of the information among the shopper impacts the advertising dynamic from different ways. Persuasive part of the shopper in the event of the dynamic for picking the items and administrations among various brand and fortunes is significant. The viable method of executing showcasing techniques to dazzle the buyer in a viable way. As per the unique circumstance, Importance of buyer conduct determines various uses of it if there should arise an occurrence of building up One-Stop shop: Right off the bat it is relevant towards the advancement of promoting techniques engaged with to the foundation of the shop in Bankstown NWS. A model can without much of a stretch clarify this: buyers give more consideration towards the notice while they are buying something or intrigued for shopping, so Pastor Pat need to plan their promotions in those spots and timings where they can undoubtedly pull in their clients towards their contributions and administrations. It is in every case extremely pivotal for any association or business holder to intrigue their first client, in light of the fact that at the phase of beginning they dont have various quantities of clients to publicize their contributions. So Mr. Pat should have great money related back arrangement with the wonderful air with imaginative contribution which incorporates great books and music assortments (Escalas et al. 2013). Furthermore another inventive part of buyer conduct is that, the person who is wanting to develop an ad libbed business must have the possibility of social promoting. Social promoting includes the systems to comprehend the purchaser, simply selling of products or administrations are insufficient for the social advertising. As per the setting of the exploration, Mr. Pat should more concentrate on the methodologies understanding their clients more for building up his business, it will incorporate advancement of their giving like books and their music assortments and other appealing components presented at their One-Stop Shop (Escalas et al. 2013). Last use of shopper conduct is that, investigation of purchaser conduct improves the buyer one. For a model: on the off chance that one purchaser purchases a lot of music CDs as opposed to purchasing two or a solitary CDs they should somewhat not exactly the single one. On the off chance that these methodologies are known to the representatives of the one stop shop can endorse the clients to purchase more than one arrangement of CDs, which in goes beneficial to Mr. Pat. Research techniques for understanding buyer conduct The expounded investigation of shopper conduct includes distinctive sort of research techniques for finding the different buyer practices: There are two significant techniques for understanding the purchaser conduct. The techniques are: essential and auxiliary research strategies. Essential research strategies includes: the instruments and explicit components for understanding the buyer requests. These devices are: client input, poll, reviews through telephone and watching center gatherings of purchasers (Frank 2014). Segment data about the buyer conduct Segment data is about the data about the shopping subtleties of the buyer: instructive particular of the shopper, salary of the customer, times of the offspring of their family and propensity for the family in a day by day way. There are a few recognizable proof variables which required into the significance of the purchaser conduct: prudent demeanor, determinant estimated as far as brain research, determinant estimated by the social elements (Goh et al. 2013). Monetary determinants might be expressed as the money related condition or financial state of the business holder or customers. So the Mr. Pat need to initially examine the foundation of their purchaser, what are their needs and what sort of administrations and merchandise they lean toward in their every day life (Venkatesh et al. 2012). At the point when the thought goes to the determinants identified with mental proportions of their client, it is urgent for Mr. Pat to look at the state of the market and which areas are in rivalry with their giving to their shopper. These means are the base component for understanding the determinants engaged with to the mental viewpoint. Determinant estimated as far as the social components are worried about the positional proportions of the shop. Social issues are especially impacting to the customers and it is for the most part done through the environmental appraisal of the region, where the shop is set up (Hugstad et al. 2013). In finish of the significance of buyer conduct the explanation which can extravagantly depicts it is: the conduct or attitudinal assortment created by the customer towards the vender or any association, when they are buying any item (Juster 2015). Mr. Pat ought to need to concentrate on the buyer conduct for building up his One-Stop Shop in the Bankstown NSW. As it is very evident that, if the proprietor know all the models and calculates included the building up a shop then it will be anything but difficult to set it up in the focal point of the Bankstown CBD. The significance of the customer can be effectively portrayed with the assistance of some significant models identified with the buyer conduct. These models will be useful for Mr. Pat for estimating his constraint of thought while considering the foundation of the One-Stop shop. Assessment of the procedures from these models will be useful to Mr. Pat for comprehension the new inventive serious market and prerequisites of the clients. The reason behind the buy gets explained to the Mr. Pat then the execution of the palatable procedures turns out to be very simple (Kardes et al. 2014). Models of purchaser conduct The purchaser conduct model basically serves two discernable capacities: The particulars that influence the acquisition of the administrations Purchaser conduct

Utopia in leadership and education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ideal world in administration and instruction - Essay Example We have all known about words like impetuous, optimistic, creative and so forth and Utopia alludes to every such word. Perfect world in this manner is about a fanciful, perfect development or sciety. It could exist as a city or even a world. By and large such an Utopia is all the more an illusion of creative mind and doesn't generally exist however it is something that is wanted and might be viewed as conceivable later on. So utopianism is about human endeavors to make a superior or maybe impeccable society. Fater on Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle additionally harped on the possibility of Utopia and Utopianism. Plato gave his own concept of Plato's Republic, an ideal form of The Republic where beliefs like correspondence win and dangers like destitution and wretchedness neglect to exist. Notwithstanding, later certain components in edified social orders like United States and Europe likewise attempted to make strict and political Utopian scieties. Today the Utopia is something that in a perfect world a great many people might want to see yet elusive in the genuine world.Organization can be viewed as an endeavor to make Utopia. As the word propose, association implies a general public, business or gathering stirring set up to accomplish certain objectives in an arranged and organized manner. Most associations in this day and age additionally seek to accomplish flawless workplace with the goal that all citizenry including the association can receive rewards. So as to build up an idealistic or an ideal association the job of authority gets basic. The authority characteristics can have a significant impact in an ideal perspective on the firm. The pioneers need to have certain characteristics so as to sustain an ideal association. Administration breeds authority: The assignment for the initiative is for the most part to give its representatives generally speaking bearing so as to viably tap their actual potential. Without an appropriate course the authoritative culture may turn out to be counter profitable. Giving guidance in any capacity doesn't imply that directors can smother the imagination and drive of their workers rather powerful initiative permits others to instill in themselves predominant authority characteristics and comprehension of the association and the executives procedure with the goal that they them self can make sense of the headings and activities which are expected to build up and thrive an Utopian association. The prime points of interest of building initiative ability, other than wiping out the drawbacks of heading outside, are twofold. To start with, the association gets the opportunity to prep the cutting edge in accordance with its way of life and key plan. Second, the association has more prominent power over the gracefully of pioneers with the imperative abilities, making vital usage quicker (Pernick, 2001). Character and Integrity: These two components come into view when a job of pioneer is characterized in an Utopian or Non-Utopian association. Particularly when we talk about Utopian associations that take a stab at greatness then their pioneers should order greatness. So as to achieve greatness a pioneer should initially be an individual of good character. Numerous scholars and defenders of Utopianism contend that a lot of an individual's character is shaped right off the bat throughout everyday life and that likewise brings the job of training which will be talked about later in the paper. An individual with solid character shows drive, life, quality of psyche, discretion, resolve, and fortitude, the characteristics fundamental for compelling initiative. Visionaries and Visionaries: A pioneer of an Utopian association should be a visionary and an optimist. There are numerous common models where our celebrated pioneers have imagined

6 Intelligent Marketing Trends for 2019

Over the last decade, marketing has undergone a variety of changes. The purchase funnel is more complex than ever before, and marketers have more information at their fingertips. Marketing is smarter now—it pulls data from different sources and uses modern technology to reach new customers and keep existing ones. It's possible to predict where the next trend will lead, which helps with planning out marketing campaigns for the months ahead. Related: 25 branding stats & facts that will change your life Out of top-performing companies, 65% have a written content marketing plan. Before you focus on any specific marketing trend, you should write out your goals for the year and how you plan to reach them. Major goals include increasing sales, adding more customers, retaining current clients or expanding brand recognition. Once you have a specific goal in mind, consider the following trends as potential ways to reach it. 1. Intelligent marketing attribution Artificial intelligence (AI) helps marketers and brands determine where their impressions, sales and leads come from more easily than trying to analyze data manually. Since most data is already in the cloud, AI simply takes that data, does a few computations and comes up with algorithms showing what works from a marketing standpoint and what needs adjusting. Use AI and recognize patterns from different data sources so you can predict upcoming changes. For example, say your inventory records show that every November, sales of blue sweaters pick up, and you've sold out of blue sweaters the last seven years in a row. Now you know you should probably order more blue sweaters before November. Marketing and sales will intricately tie into one another, so marketers know which inventory to push, and salespeople know what inventory they need more of. The seamlessness of a system that tracks marketing efforts, results and sales means more effective marketing—and more revenue. 2. Increasing voice search About 13% of all U.S. homes owned a smart speaker in 2017, and experts predict that number will reach 55% by 2022. An increasing need for voice search will drive marketing towards offering voice-friendly search functions and thinking about the way people naturally speak. What questions does a person ask when hunting for a specific product? With conversational AI, marketers have an opportunity to send out targeted messages faster than in the past. AI can analyze the voice search conducted around a subject and help you craft descriptions and website information to match those long-tail keyword phrases. Expect voice search to impact brand voice as it becomes more prominent, even on social media and e-commerce sites. Marketers should be aware of the key phrases people are using for voice search, so marketing campaigns align closely with those phrases. 3. A/B testing with AI A/B testing is a powerful tool for marketers. It empowers them to quickly see how changing one element of an ad campaign or landing page impacts their conversions. As AI adoption increases, brands no longer need their own data science departments. Instead, they can call on a huge pool of information stored in the public cloud. In the past, A/B testing meant trying out changes on one element at a time and waiting several weeks before getting the results. In 2019, expect A/B testing to become lightning-fast as tests are streamlined. You'll be able to find out how multiple variants work with just a few clicks of the mouse. The result is a visually pleasing design that attracts users. Marketers will become savvier about which types of AI to use for which projects, saving time and money for their companies and making the analysis more accurate than ever before. 4. Automated workflows Adding automated workflows saves time and effort because it gives marketers the freedom to focus on tasks that can't be automated. [Click to tweet ] For example, you could create a workflow that pairs phone calls and emails. If you make a phone call and get the person's voicemail, an email is triggered along with your voicemail message. If you spent time discussing a specific aspect of your brand with a lead, then you can trigger a different email. Personalization is still possible, even with automatic triggers. Simply add the person's name and change a few details based on your conversation. For most brands, though, the same conversations happen over and over, and the same emails go out after those conversations. Automated workflows keep you from repeating the same work multiple times. 5. Experiential content In the past, e-commerce stores have presented simple, straightforward descriptions and images. However, as augmented reality (AR) enters every area of life, expect websites to become more of an immersive experience. Online retailers create content that engages the user and creates an experience. One example might be a local real estate brand. Rather than simply throwing up a few photos and a description of the property, they'll give you an interactive 360-degree walkthrough, where you choose which room to go into next and which angle to view the room from. Storytelling and user experience will be more critical than ever before. 6. Relevant and interesting videos Video is no longer optional when it comes to marketing. The trend for a while has been heading towards more video-viewing, but recent studies show that about 73% of Americans engage with YouTube. Across all social media platforms, video-viewing is on the rise. What does this mean for marketers in 2019? It means video is a necessity when it comes to creating a marketing campaign. However, consumers are also savvier than ever before, so throwing up just any old video isn't going to work. You need short, to-the-point and entertaining videos if you'd like the attention of your target audience. Key takeaway Effective marketing includes planning for a digital presence, but your efforts should also take into account changes in technology and how people interact with brands online. In addition to the behavior of customers, you must also consider any Google algorithm changes and where your target audience hangs out online. The savviest marketers never stop learning about trends in the marketplace and aren't afraid of trying new techniques to stand out and grab attention. Want more branding & design insights? Subscribe to the Lucidpress blog to get our best delivered to your inbox every week.

Fayetteville State University Admissions SAT Scores...

Ethical Theory The Philosophical Study Of Morality Essay

Ethical Theory is the philosophical study of morality. (Cambridge dictionary) this is the study of people or cultures and their ethical behaviors. There are many cultures and groups of people that make up our world. Not everyone has the same ethical values and each culture is uniquely different. Ethical theory is a set of beliefs by a culture, with an ethical theory it helps people set to values and concepts of right and wrong behavior. We use ethical systems to work through our problems to find out what ought to be morally right and wrong. (Wilkens, 2011) There are three main branches of ethical theory and they are; metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Metaethics is the study of where moral principles come from. Normative ethics regulates right and wrong behavior. Applied ethics looks at the most debatable issues that are faced in the world. With these different fields of ethics, philosophers try to figure out the best way to figure out how to best approach controversia l issues. For the use of this paper, I will concentrate on Metaethics and how we use it to determine moral judgments. Metaethics Metaethics is the study of where morals originate from. Metaethics is the study of the origin and meaning of ethical concepts. (Fieser) Metaethics has two issues concerning where ethics come from are they spirit based or are they made by man. The spirit based realm says that morals are objective in that there is a higher power like God and he makes all morals,Show MoreRelatedThe Comparable And Contrastable Philosophies Of Kierkegaard And Kant Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant. Their extraordinary journeys towards the meaning of morality and ethics is riveting, spiritual, universal, and in many ways, incredibly different. My conclusion is that though there are aspects which bind their theories together, ultimately both men possess different understandings of what morality is and how an individual ought to be moral. Kierkegaard, while exemplifying a less structured philosophical outline embeds his theory too heavily on Christian faith. This makes it unapproachableRead MorePHL 215 Version 6 Moral Social And Political Philosophy Matrix And Essay Parts 1 2 2 2993 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy as given in a philosophical source (the readings, supplemental materials, or outside academic sources) and list a minimum of three historical developments, theories, key contributors, and principal issues. Bullet point answers are acceptable. Field Definition Historical Developments Schools Of Thought Key Contributors Principal Issues Moral Principals of right and wrong in behavior and ethical code Good moral judgmentRead MoreDivine Command Theory : An Ethical Theory828 Words   |  4 PagesDivine command theory is an ethical theory (metaethics) which asserts that an actions place as morally good, is corresponding to whether or not it is commanded by God. The theory states, roughly, that â€Å"The view that morality is somehow dependent upon God, and that moral obligation consists in obedience to God’s commands. Divine Command Theory includes the claim that morality is ultimately based on the commands or character of God, and that the morally right action is the one that God commands orRead MoreEthics And Morality Are The Same Thing812 Words   |  4 PagesWhen discussing ethics, people often think ethics and morality are the same thing. But in order to understand ethical leadership, it can be beneficial to view these two concepts differently. One of the most important ethical philosophers of modern times has been John Rawls, who made a clear distinction between comprehensive moral systems and less comprehensive systems. The distinction can help better understand the idea of ethical leadership. To Rawls, the two differ in the following manner: †¢ ComprehensiveRead MoreEthics And Health Care Professions867 Words   |  4 PagesThe field of ethics includes the broad study of social morality along with reflections on its norms and practices. Ethical theory and moral philosophy refer to philosophical reflection on morality. Morality can be best defined as principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. Philosophical ethics and health care professions focuses on learning what philosophy is and how it contributes to human history, culture, and autonomy, learning how that contributionRead MoreKantian Ethical Analysis1614 Words   |  6 Pagesb) - Kantian Ethical Analysis: 1 - Introduction and brief explanation of Kantian ethics: German philosopher Kant was first to introduce the Kantian ethics; hence, the named after him. According to Professor Elizabeth Anscombe, Immanuel Kant was Unitarianism’s rival; he believed actions that are taboo should be completely prohibited at all times. For instance, murder should be prohibited. Even though nowadays a person cannot be punished if death is involved as a self defense, from Kant’s perspectiveRead MoreHU4640 Project Part11650 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Project Part 1 An Introduction to Ethical Theories ITT Technical Institute, Hanover MD Mathew Leetch HU4640 Ethics July 22, 2015 An Introduction to Ethical Theories Abstract This paper is going to discuss Ethics and Ethical Theories. It will include an introduction to ethical theories, virtue ethics, and care ethics. There will be sections discussing absolutism versus relativism, consequentialism versus deontological ethics, and lastly, free will versus determinism. It will alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Hoffman s Duties Beyond Borders : On The Limits And Possibilities Of Ethical International Relations Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesStanley Hoffman, the author of Duties beyond Borders: On the Limits and Possibilities of Ethical International Relations (1981), has said, â€Å"†¦ morality is not merely a matter of ends or intentions, and that the likely consequences of acts must be taken into account. †¦ [A] morality that relies exclusively on expected, calculated outcomes is not acceptable either†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This book is one of many books what I am surveying now for my current research work which is roughly entitled â€Å"Evaluating t he PossibilityRead MoreEssay on Deontologial Theory1295 Words   |  6 PagesETHICS Deontological Theory Historically ethics was studied from a philosophical aspect and viewed as the science of morals. Ethics had been defined as the principles of moral conduct that govern our behavior. Our ethical behavior is developed from various factors, to include our environment, family and beliefs. The origins of ethics can be traced back to the fifth century, BC ( Banner, 1968, pg.67). Plato, Socrates and Aristotle are among the early teachers of ethics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheseRead MoreThe Distinction Of Ethics And Morality1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe Distinction Of Ethics And Morality: The use of the words ethics and morality are often confused with each other especially these are commonly used in Philosophy and other related fields. This paper will discuss the distinction between these two concepts. According to Gammel (2007), the difference between the terms morality and ethics has a very thin line particularly in the daily language. Adding to this confusion is that other philosophical resources and materials use the terms interchangeably

Improve Student Literacy Achievement

Question: Discuss about the Improve Student Literacy Achievement. Answer: Introduction: Determining the extend to which diverse students in class have challenges with their reading comprehension, can be achieved by keenly observing the students comprehension knowledge in three stages namely; before reading, during reading and after reading the comprehension. It is important that all these factors are considered because the knowledge of the student e.g. summarizing the comprehension, understanding the difficult words and so forth must be accessed in all the three stages. At each stage Ill provide instructional knowledge to correct the challenges that I have noted with individual students at the end of each stage. I will seek to know what challenges students have before they start reading the compression. Do they seek first to understand the main points of the story or what the rough idea of the comprehension is? Learning tends to be effective when the learners have an idea of what they are trying to understand. I will then ask them to read a short comprehension within reasonable short time and provide a rough idea of what the comprehension is all about. If they get it right Ill know they have enough skills to peruse through a reading. If not I will teach them ways of skimming a comprehension such as reading the first two to three lines of every paragraph and the conclusion of the reading. During the reading are the students able to extract direct answers to the questions? I will ask random questions from the comprehension that have direct answers from the reading and see if the students can effectively answer. If not I will teach them how pick direct answers by identifying key words in the questions and locating them in the comprehension. I will also ask questions that need synthesis of the comprehension to provide the answers. I will ask the students to summaries the comprehension in their own words and see if they would be able to highlight main points of the reading without changing the meaning of the reading. This will enable me to know if the students have the skills to fully understand the comprehension. Those students which show tendencies of not being able to summarize the reading well can be easily picked from they way they provide their answers missing major points of the reading. ("Beyond early literacy: a balanced approach to developing the whole child", 2011) Most important text factors for a literacy teacher The teacher must understand genres very well. This is because the students may encounter them in the reading and they may not understand it, therefore the teacher should be on hand to help the students understand the use of various genres in the text for better comprehension of the reading. The teacher should also have a good understanding of the text structures such that where the comprehension contains a complicated sentence structure, the teacher can assist the students understand the right meaning contained in the sentence. This way the students will focus on understanding the whole compression as well as understanding various text structures as used in the reading for future use. (Bitter, O'Day, Gubbins, Socias, 2009). The teacher should also understand various text features so that he can assist the students to apply the conventional knowledge regarding various literacy devices used in the text. This will further help the students understand the reading. Critique the American 'balanced literacy approach' outlined in the subject text by comparing it to Australian 'balanced literacy approaches'. How are they different? Which ones seem to resonate most with what you believe about literacy instruction? How do they differ? The Australian system or approach in delivery of balanced literacy is based more on the needs of the students as depicted by research or pre examination. The examinations will highlight major areas of literacy delivery that needs focus. The system is learner centered as opposed to teacher centered. The instructional objectives will be dictated by the learners needs. (Bitter, O'Day, Gubbins, Socias, 2009). In contrary, American system is more of teacher centered as opposed to the learner. The teacher will come up with the learning objectives based on what he/she thinks the students needs. If the teacher doesnt conduct pre examination so that it can guide him or her on the areas of focus then he/she will be at liberty to decide what the students needs based on the he has. (Bitter, O'Day, Gubbins, Socias, 2009). In America definition of Individual with disability which is used for funding excludes external causes such as cultural, environmental or economic disadvantage. According to this definition difficulty in learning is considered to be intrinsic to the learner as opposed to Australia where classification of difficulties in learning covers external factors such as those from non-English speaking background and others with learning challenges due to unclear reasons. For these reasons the Australian System resonate better with may view of most balanced literacy approach. (Keengwe Onchwari, n.d.) Australian system resonates well with me because the teaching objectives should always be learner centered as opposed to teacher centered. When the instruction materials resonate well with the students needs there is high chances of success in the process of knowledge dissemination. References Beyond early literacy: a balanced approach to developing the whole child. (2011). Choice Reviews Online, 48(12), 48-7055-48-7055. https://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.48-7055 Bitter, C., O'Day, J., Gubbins, P., Socias, M. (2009). What Works to Improve Student Literacy Achievement? An Examination of Instructional Practices in a Balanced Literacy Approach. Journal Of Education For Students Placed At Risk (JESPAR), 14(1), 17-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10824660802715403 Bitter, C., O'Day, J., Gubbins, P., Socias, M. (2009). What Works to Improve Student Literacy Achievement? An Examination of Instructional Practices in a Balanced Literacy Approach. Journal Of Education For Students Placed At Risk (JESPAR), 14(1), 17-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10824660802715403 Johnson, H., Watson, P., Delahunty, T., McSwiggen, P., Smith, T. (2011). What It Is They Do: Differentiating Knowledge and Literacy Practices Across Content Disciplines. Journal Of Adolescent Adult Literacy, 55(2), 100-109. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaal.00013 Keengwe, J. Onchwari, G. Handbook of research on active learning and the flipped classroom model in the digital age.

Scrooge Essays - English-language Films, Film, British Films

Scrooge Ignorance & Want In the famous story A Christmas Carol, the Ghost said to Scrooge These are your children Ignorance and Want. as he opened his robe to reveal two small unfortunate poverty stricken children. By this, the ghost meant that because of the cruelty of the world and irresponsibility, these innocent children must suffer. These children suffered because of careless people like Scrooge. The ghost meant unfortunate children like these are the responsibility of everyone. Their names were ignorance and want because they were a result of ignorant people and people who only wanted for themselves. In today's world many children also live in poverty. However there are many more organizations to help them and their families and to prevent them having to live on the streets. Such an example of an organization would be welfare. Welfare helps people by giving supplying food stamps and money to the less fortunate. Another caring organization would be the Salvation Army who gives food and clothing to people who need it. It is our responsibility to care for the needy by sponsoring a child for Christmas and donating money and clothing to the Salvation Army. Even though there are many Scrooges in our world we can still take on the responsibility of caring for those who need it. We may not need help now but the future is never certain. If you are kind to others, they will remember and be kind to you when you really need it. Social Issues Essays

Essay on civil rights movementEssay Writing Service

Essay on civil rights movementEssay Writing Service Essay on civil rights movement Essay on civil rights movementThe position of African American in the US was historically unequal compared to white Americans. The first half of the 20th century was characterized by the persisting segregation and discrimination of African Americans, as Dalfiume justly points out. In this regard, World War II contributed to the rise of their social consciousness and the emergence of the civil rights movement because they became an important part of the US society and, more important, they became a part of the nation serving in the US army and performing jobs, which used to be performed by whites because of the shortage of the labor force.In fact, World War II increased the awareness of African Americans of their importance for the nation that encouraged them to enhance their struggle for equal rights and opportunities. They felt that they were an important part of the nation and they had the power and right to struggle for equal opportunities compared to whites. As they were recruite d to the US army, then they would justly expect that they can count on equal rights and opportunities compared to white Americans.In addition, World War II contributed to their self-organization because the service in the US army had opened the way to the better understanding of the importance of the effective organization of their struggle. The enhancement of the civil rights movement was the natural consequence of the growing public awareness and their self-organization. In such a way, the development of African American movement and their struggle for better rights and opportunities. Such change was essential for the enhancement of their position in the US society.

Ukraine in the World War Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ukraine in the World War Two - Essay Example The First World War resulted in the revolution of Ukraine, a nation that fought so hard to release the grip the Russians had on them in that time. The Ukrainians did not have the capacity to rule themselves, something clearly depicted by the unjust rule of the Central Rada. At the start of WW II, the nation of Ukraine did not have a state. About seven million of the total thirty million nationals of Ukraine ended up in different countries. Czechoslovakia, Poland and Romania had nationals of Ukraine living in their states, most of them seeking exile. The period just before the war witnessed the establishment of the Ukrainian nationalism, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationals (OUN). The western Ukraine experienced the First World War when the month of September started in the year 1939. The German leader, Adolf Hitler, first attacked Poland where the western Ukrainians resided. The Soviet troops, consequently, occupied the area after the Germans subdued it. The Ukrainians describe this invasion of their land as the first phase of the WW II. The soviet troops and the Nazi involved themselves in a fierce war that placed the Ukrainians at the full exposure of the wars and destructions caused by the two totalitarian commands. Ukraine experienced the WW II more than the other countries. Majorities of the Ukrainians died at the hands of both the Nazi and the Soviet. Their dream of ever becoming an independent state died after the ruthless occupation of the Nazi in Ukraine. The effects of the WW II on the Ukrainians will forever remain in their history, and some of the bitterness against their conquerors may never stop.

Urban Problems in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Urban Problems in Texas - Essay Example Issues such as crime and overcrowding plague Dallas, Austin and San Antonio just as much as they are likely to plague cities like Chicago, Los Angeles and Detroit. However, Texas also faces some urban problems that remain unique to the state because they are largely the result of the speed with which the state developed these areas as compared with the (sometimes) centuries that other cities in the United States have had. Between the 1970s and the early 1980s, cities in Texas were recording record rates of growth in population (Texas, 2007). This was due to the influx of new residents from other states in the union who were seeking the sun and had heard about the low property taxes. This large influx of people provided an abundant and constantly increasing labor force which further helped to attract new businesses. In addition, Texas as a state generally held numerous pro-business traditions such as a notoriously low number of available labor unions, an already high and increasing la bor force, low taxes for businesses, a close proximity to numerous natural resources and a proliferation of city governments that were favorable to growth and development, frequently offering even more incentives for businesses to move to their area. As a result of this boom, though, the urban areas of Texas are now experiencing a general decline that seems unlikely to be curtailed in the near future. This decline is the result of an aging population, urban sprawl to the suburbs with the result of greater poverty within city limits, disintegrating infrastructure, increased crime rates and mandates to meet with increasing federal and state requirements while federal aid hits an all-time low and low state taxes have precluded any ability to overcome these challenges. By the late 1980s, economic conditions in Texas cities had dramatically changed from the boom they saw in the previous decade including the aging, or graying, of the urban residents and subsequent loss of the

The American Pursuit of Happiness Beyond US Borders Essay Example for Free

The American Pursuit of Happiness Beyond US Borders Essay In recent times, more and more Americans are immigrating to countries like Canada and Australia in a spirited search of the American Dream. Catalysts for this recent trend are tied largely to the American economic crisis which has been afflicting Americans for quite some time. The incredibly high levels of crime in the United States have also influenced Americans to pursue happiness beyond U. S. borders. Countries like Canada and Australia demonstrate lower rates of crime than the United States and that seems to resonate with most Americans. Another convincing factor towards emigration is the high cost of healthcare in the United States compared to some of the government-funded healthcare systems around the world. All of these dynamics are deeply valued in American society and are seen as worth chasing. I believe emigration towards countries that promote economic stability, low crime rates and socialized healthcare is the ideal thing to do for U. S. citizens in search of these pursuits. America is experiencing a high unemployment rate, large income gaps and an evident lack of growth for the working middle class due to the modern economic crisis and this is swaying Americans to search for jobs in foreign countries. According to Trading Economics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the percentage of unemployed Americans is 8. 3% as of January, 2012. This fares out higher than the Canadian unemployment rate which is at 7. 6% and especially elevated compared to the Australian unemployment rate which is 5. 1% (Trading Economics). Also, the latest studies show that mobility between classes in the United States is less apparent than in other countries due to the large American poor class and the tall demand U. S. employers place on the need for college degrees from prospective employees (DeParle). It has become clear to me that the opportunities needed to develop into a successful and effective worker can be found, with less effort, in a foreign country. The United States has a ghastly reputation of having some of the highest crime rates in the world including considerable quantities of violent offenses. As indicated by the Disaster Center and the F. B. I. Uniform Crimes Report, in 2010 the United States had over ten million reported criminal offenses and over one million of them were violent crimes. This measures up much higher than Canada’s crime rates which in 2009 were reported at just over two million criminal offenses (Rodriguez). What is dumbfounding is the significant difference in violent offenses which was under four-hundred and fifty thousand (Rodriguez). That is less than the amount of aggravated assaults in the United States in 2010 which totaled over seven-hundred and seventy-five thousand (Disaster Center). The pursuit of happiness certainly entails residing in a safe and sound country and the evidence points towards the land beyond U. S. borders. There is very little the American people treasure more than their health, but with healthcare prices soaring to astronomical heights, it has become difficult to acquire the necessary coverage that Americans need. Statistics show that Americans pay over fifty percent more on premiums per capita for health care over other countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which includes, among others, Canada and Australia (Med Health Insurance). Canadian citizens benefit from publicly funded healthcare coverage without the need to consider their income or medical history (Canadian Health Care). In Australia, the government is primarily responsible for healthcare funding by covering roughly seventy percent of medical costs (Australian Law Reform Commission). The peace of mind gained by having a socialized government funded health care plan is invaluable and a worthy basis for emigration from the United States. The American Dream is sought after by all Americans and comprises of several key principles. A primary principle is social and financial stability through employment and mobility. The second standard is the sense of security brought on by reduced crime rates and a reduced amount of violent crimes in particular. A final and yet crucial ideal for those in pursuit of happiness is the sense of tranquility acquired through a government-financed healthcare plan. All of these standards cannot be met within the United States, but they can be attained in countries like Canada and Australia. I consider it imperative for Americans to search for these ideals across American boundaries through the act of emigration. I encourage U. S. citizens to think outside this country.

Advocating Elderly Americans Essay -- Advocates Senior Citizens

The elderly in America have many needs that can range from transportation, a little more money, and even just a little companionship but one of their major needs is advocacy. They need someone to stand up and fight with them for what the need. The elderly of today did so much for this country such things as fight both world wars and the Korean Conflict, they fought for equality, and the escalated this country to the greatness we have today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So what is an advocate? Advocate is a person or group that represents a common interest and goes to great lengths to see that their cause is not neglected. So why does our elderly need advocates? Our elderly need advocates for various reasons. They need someone to fight with congress over healthcare cost and issues, they need someone to defend them against neglect and abuse, and most of all they need someone to make them aware of the services and programs available to make their lives easier. Advocates are very important to our elderly as well as they should be no one wants to be alone, we all want someone to fight beside us. So who does stand up and fight for our elderly?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In all parts of the United States there are Offices for the Aging to assist our elderly with obtaining the services they deserve. The Office for the Aging was created to promote self-determination, self-promotion and self-sufficiency among the elderly. They also wanted to make seniors aware of the services available to them and their families. Over the years that Offices for the Aging has existed they have created networks of connections in many aspects with in each of their communities. Through their broad range of connections they can assist any one with any problems. Most people feel as though the Office for the Aging is nothing more than a referral agency. There could be nothing further from the truth, Office for the Aging offers a wide variety of services but if they do not offer a service that you need they can and will refer you to an agency that can. One of the services that the Office for the Aging offers is Social Security counseling. This is a big servi ce because of the changing laws and the complexity of the laws it is tough for many elderly to understand properly obtain all of the money they are entitled to. Office for the Aging can also go to your Social Security hearing for you if you wish that they do so. The Office for ... ...as quoted as saying, â€Å"It’s virtually impossible to take back the House or win the presidency without taking back the seniors. That makes them the key battleground†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the upcoming decade there will be over 76 million baby boomers that will be over 65 that mean they will have more power then any other voting cohort in America. This means the attention that the senior vote is getting will become stronger and stronger. Older people are more likely to vote that are younger people this means that seniors can be their own advocate. Seniors can be their own advocates by voting people into office that will vote their way on important issues. Voting is a powerful instrument for all people but is often overlooked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advocacy is an important in order for voices to be heard. Seniors citizens have various needs and as fellow humans it is our obligation to protect them. They paved the way for our country’s prosperity who are we to put them out pasture. Works Cited www.aarp.org www.americangeriatrics.org www.carie.org www.commoncause.org www.ncscinc.org www.senior.org The gerontologist. â€Å"Older People and Voting Participation: Past and Future† by Robert Binstock. February 2000.

Individual Privacy vs National Security Essay

Introduction Since the terrorist attack of 9/11, America has been in a high level conflict with terrorist around the world, particularly the group known as Al Qaeda. There has been many discussions within the U.S. Congress about the measures of how to effectively combat this organization and their members, here and abroad. Consequently, the issue of individual privacy vs. national security has generated discussions within the civilian and government sectors. To date, the discussions continues with many private citizens who feels they are constantly losing their privacy , when will it end, and how long will it continue. In this report, it will discuss where privacy issues began and where the public see individual privacy vs. national security come together in its most recent society. Do the public succumb to total governmental control, or do they propose continued debate in the nation’s process of the national security process. There are always two sides of a story, the pros and cons, the laurels and pitfalls, or the good and the bad, and for the public, it has to decide which side in each of these is the right side it feels is the best possible side to be on. One hand, national security is decided by the government to protect its citizens, by the measures it puts into place it feels is necessary, and what duration these measures will be in effect. On the other hand, the level of security and safety is set without discrimination to all. This results in the dilemma of the battle between individual privacy versus national security issues, that are essential to the individual, the public, and government. The Claim: What privacy should an individual lose to protect against terrorist because It gives society a level of feeling protected by the protections in place. The public can only maintain a limit of safety by giving up a degree of privacy to governmental agencies in order to protect this basic need; and it is a trade off to give up a certain amount of privacy, but not complete privacy. Justification of Claim: The justification of the claim is that it is prudent and the right of the public to debate the process of privacy, which the public has come to rely on for many years. Even though limited under the constitution, privacy rights and national security is important to the country’s citizens on all levels of government. The Bill of Rights is the area where citizens’ rights are specified, and over the years of war, and specifically after 9/11, citizens have seen and felt an erosion of their rights. Constitutional protections of individual rights not expressed specifically by the Bill of Rights is being at best controversial, (Linder 2012a). Many originalists, including most famously Judge Robert Bork in his ill-fated Supreme Court confirmation hearings, have argued that no such general right of privacy exists. The Supreme Court, however, beginning as early as 1923 and continuing through its recent decisions, has broadly read the â€Å"liberty† guarantee of the Fourteenth Amendment to guarantee a fairly broad right of privacy that has come to encompass decisions about child rearing, procreation, marriage, and termination of medical treatment. Polls show most Americans support this broader reading of the Constitution, (Linder 2012b). Looking forward under this decision, each citizen relies on its government to maintain a fair level of protection and security as well as maintaining a balanced level of privacy. The justification for this claim shows how the rights of individuals is a must, within the American society, compared to the national security of the country’s territory and a balanced approach it must give to its people within previous rulings. Individual Privacy vs. National Security After 9/11 a set of laws was set in place to protect us from Terrorism and terrorist attacks and placed under a new governmental act called the Patriot Act. With the past occurrences of 9/11, with the airlines planes crashing into the twin towers in New York City, and the Pentagon, it was not hard to convince the public this action was not needed. The residing administration presented stacks of follow-up attacks to Congress from experts and officials on a daily basis with grim pictures or scenarios of possible attacks on nuclear facilities, schools, shopping centers, and  others alike, that the public saw measures in place as acceptable and adequate, (Downing 2008a). Downing further states; Americans have seen their privacy and other rights curtailed in previous wars but the present-day privations are unfounded only in the duration of these rights. Just how long will the duration of war on terrorism and rights last, it has already lasted longer than any other US wars. Further sources of concern to the public, are the rich array of devices and techniques of the government, such as improved computer programs, databases, and surveillance gear, never before used in previous wars and never devoted as resources to any state or its partners. What if any remedies are there in the political system in the privacy of individuals versus national security protections and concerns? The courts have narrowed away some of the concerns, but the bulk of these powers, many of them are still persisting. Congress has been hesitant to amend passing the Patriot Act and its follow-ups, due to fear of being labeled unpatriotic, but also for fear of being blamed for further terror attacks. So far, no president or presidential candidate will probably seek to curb the purview of the Committee on the public safety, nor hardly mention future changes. Privacy, like its colleague individualism, has been in decline anyway †Ã¢â‚¬Å" putting up only token resistance here and th ere against mass society, a corporate-based economy, and relentless bureaucratization. So perhaps the war on terror requires us to bid a fond adieu to privacy and send it off to government bureaus for safekeeping. They broke it, it’s theirs (Downing, 2008b) According to laws enacted by the government after recent terrorist activities, it has the right to eavesdrop on telephone communications, monitor online communications of suspects, and incorporate surveillance on anyone it feels is a threat. With recent attacks upon American soil and the loss of thousands of lives, law enforcement agencies have asked for broader and pervasive laws to counter security challenges. Some have asked if these changes will impact the privacy of its citizens, and indeed over the years, history has shown the rights and liberties of citizens have been curtailed and in some instances revoked completely. One example, during World War II 120,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps. Nowhere in the U.S. Constitution is there a harmonization-of-laws guarantee, by definition (An adjustment of differences and inconsistencies among the difference of  measurements, methods, procedures, schedules, specifications, or systems to make them uniformed to or mutually compatible with). In 1803 Chief John Marshall said in his opinion Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court is the final arbiter of â€Å"what the law is.† 2003 Tracy Mitrano Marshall also stated, that settling the duties of inconsistencies, disharmonizations, and contradictions falls to the duties of the Court, which in its practices, means that many such problems may go unaddressed for years and some of the controversies may never be resolved. Complications and constitutionally are thought of as checks and balances, and the cost of checks and balances systems are weighed in confusion and consternation and capricious that have the appearance of resolving conflicts once and for all. Before we go deeper into the analysis of the legislation, let’s examine the following terms of privacy and security. The American Heritage Dictionary defines privacy as secluded from sight, presence or intrusions of others, confined to one person. There are those who have pointed out that nowhere in the constitution the word privacy appears. The word security comes from the Latin word Securus, meaning carefree. Definitions of security begin with freedom from danger, risk, harm, etc. No matter what measures are taken to assert security, no one should think the outcome would mean complete freedom. Notice how the definition of the word security, implies that its function is as the means to quality, freedom, no less and not as an end to itself, as balance is the key. The American history provides us a variety of examples of how that balance has shifted over time. The Alien and Sedition Acts of the 1790s were the first example of a federal law believed to have thrown off the balance in favor of security over civil liberties, designed to silence and weaken the Democratic-Republican Party by the Federal P arty. To protect the new United States from an antagonistic French Revolutionary government as legal devices over the Naturalization Act, that actually backfired, ensuring the Revolution of the 1800’s to expire. This episode stands as a lesson of federal legislative overreach-political impulses of legislation touted as patriotic and necessary for national security, and the dissolving of the Federal Party. The internment of the Japanese, remains the opposite of Roosevelt’s emergency measures, which were the most shameful of all mistaken emergency legislative measures. As in each case of emergency legislation that protects national security, it also  curbs civil liberties and must be interpreted in context of a very complex history. Acts and organizations such as FERPA, HIPAA, and FSMA shares the purpose of preserving the privacy of records in keeping with the foundational tenents of fair-information practices. These fair-information practices are as such are transparency, relevancy, the ability to correct records, institutional obligations to maintain records of disclosures and provide notice to subjects, and finally, the security of those records. Dealing with paper records years ago, under FERPA regulations, colleges and universities now are struggling with the task of bringing electronic security up to the same level of confidentiality and availability. Due to the creation of IT security programs-which include policies, procedures, guidelines, risk assessment, and education/training-corresponds to new legal developments such as FMSA and HIPAA, which raises the specter of liability, legal requirements should also come as an encouragement for IT professionals. Intrusion-detection and -response plans require leadership, articulated practices, enforcement polices, and education within the campus communities, all of which relevant hardware and software as well as highly trained personnel to address these matters adequately and professionally. Sharing-of-information legislation, under national security, such as the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (the USA- Patriot Act) and the Homeland Security Act pulls in a direction contrary to privacy legislation. It is the longest piece of legislation of emergency legislation, well over a hundred pages, passed in the shortest time period, in all American history. It comes with three overall goals: (1) to enhance government to government information sharing (by lifting regulations that had monitored law enforcement relations between federal, state and local authorities, (2) to allow government surveillance and encourage private entities to share information with the government (by alleviating legal liability); and (3) create and expand existing criminal law design to fight terrorism (by adding specific provisions and expanding the definition and powers of existing legislation. So vast is the reorganizatio n of the federal government under this act , the implications have yet to be spelled out. But there are two are already along with, the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) program, which requires every college and  university to report, abuses and fraud crimes, specifically allowing the death penalty for any abuse, (i.e. hacking) that results in serious physical injury or death. The second is the goal of the USA-Patriot Act-government surveillance and these two aspects of the Homeland Security Act have the most direct impact on scholarship and research, libraries, and IT resources in higher education. (Tracy Mitrano, 2003) Further in notations of privacy and national security, (Bajaj and Austen 28 Sep 2010) report, the United States and law enforcement and security agencies have raised concerns with new proposals electronic powers to track terrorist and criminals and unscramble their encrypted messages through e-mail and other digital communications. Officials from India have also stated they will seek greater access to encrypted data sent over popul ar Internet sources such as Gmail, Skype and other sources such as private networks that allow users to bypass traditional phone line links or logging in to remote corporate computer systems. Some have said that India’s campaign to monitor data transmissions within their borders may hurt other important national security goals: by attracting other global businesses and becoming a hub for technology innovations. In another report by, (Kandra, Anne; Brandt, Andrew; Aquino, Grace Jan 2002) Federal legislation passed in October gave investigators more tools for apprehending terrorists. Proponents of the law said it was needed to protect ourselves. Opponents said it will threaten our constitutional rights. But whatever position you take on these issues, it is important to know how the new laws will affect everyone’s lives online. They continue to report, the Patriot Act is complex and powerful, and it also broadens the definition of terrorism and increases the penalties for the crime of terrorism. Some of the more drastic changes in the law involve electronic surveillance. The act allows federal investigators to implement more powerful tools to monitor phone call s, email messages, and even Web surfing. What are the implications of this new type of surveillance for your Internet privacy? It is difficult to say exactly. The Patriot Act is vague on many key points, and understandably, law enforcement officials are not eager to show details about tools like the controversial Internet surveillance system, DCS1000 (and more commonly recognized by its previous name, Carnivore). â€Å"One of the biggest issues with Carnivore is that we don’t really know how it works,† says Ari Schwartz, associate director of the  Center for Democracy in Technology, a nonprofit group based in Washington, D.C., that focuses on preserving privacy and civil liberties on the Internet. What are the implications of this new type of surveillance for your Internet privacy? It is difficult to say exactly. The Patriot Act is vague on many key points, and understandably, law enforcement officials are not eager to show details about tools like the controversial Internet surveillance system, DCS1000 (and more commonly recognized by its previous name, Carnivore). â€Å"One of the biggest issues with Carnivore is that we don’t really know how it works,† says Ari Schwartz, associate director of the Center for Democracy in Technology, a nonprofit group based in Washington, D.C., that focuses on preserving privacy and civil liberties on the Internet. It is probably a fair assessment to say that joking when sending an e-mail about planting a bomb is not very good idea these days, and researching biological terror techniques over the Internet is not conceivably a good idea which would also draw suspicion. (Kandra et al., Jan 2002) Under the Patriot Act Amendments, the FERPA Act has a health and safety exception. It is well known to students and administrators, who invoke it to look at a student’s record in the case where a student is missing and police hopes to find clues to the student’s disappearance from their e-mail. The Patriot Act added a new terrorism exception design to protect the health and safety of everyone e lse. It is worth noting the broad definition of domestic terrorism, meaning activities that involve dangerous acts of human life, that are in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state, that appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population or individuals, influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion , or affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping and occur primarily within the United States. Within the principal of the Homeland Security act, its job is to reorganize a significant amount of the federal law enforcement and immigration and naturalization bureaucracy under the roof of one central agency, which grew out of concern that compartmentalization federal intelligence and law enforcement structures did not permit adequate study and intelligence and warning. The Homeland Security Act has already had a noticeable impact on immigration. The Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) a mandatory government issued program that tracks  the whereabouts of visiting foreign students attending colleges and universities. The concept is nothing new, as there were widespread disuse of bureaucratic disorganization from within the INS. The Patriot Act echoed the existing INS laws to require mandatory reporting and enforcement, and the Homeland Security Act passed on the baton. Civil privacy legislation that includes security legislation such as FERPA, HIPAA, and FSMA should be the rule. National security information sharing and anti-terrorist legislation, such as the USA-PATRIOT Act and the Homeland Security Act—should be the exception. With the USA-PATRIOT Act divergence from traditional constitutional standards, there have been many people who are concerned that the exceptions may soon swallow the rule. Tensions between these two types of legislations speaks to the more general concern of the American society at large, about a reduction of privacy overall, whether caused by changes in the law, in social norms, or in the very nature of information technologies. Even today with new technology its task has grown and evolved in recent years, and over the past three decades, the challenges have grown to protect individual and personal privacy, and to curb privacy violations. In general, several surveys and polls that were taken seem to suggest that the public feels there has been a loss of privacy and intrusions and the backdrop behind these new proposals could potentially impact privacy and civil liberties on a greater scale. Analysis from an ethics point of view, there are major concerns under national debate on tensions between privacy and security. Below are the following measures of security being proposed and public, personal and privacy issues under consideration. 1. Stricter security measures at airports, ports, points of interest in the U.S., and gathering places such as stadiums, and other large mass venue, (A) Extensive checks of baggage, personal searches and vehicles, (B) Intensive custom and immigration checks, (C) Restrictions within airport areas and certain public places, (D) Additional spot searches and personal property checks in key public areas, (E) Increased surveillance and monitoring of movements in key public areas. 2. Detailed, accurate identification and verification of identities and background,. (A) Mandatory issuance of national identity cards for all people, (B) Increase use of facial profiling systems for assessment of potential suspects. 3. Increased surveillance of all communities. (A) Monitoring via Internet  (‘Carnivore’}wireless, wire-lines, satellite, etc., (B) Broader wiretapping powers, (C) Broader (and possible indefinite) detention, arrest, and asset seizure powers, (D) Authority for blanket searches, secret searches, (E) Website activity monitoring and data collection, (F) Access to personal and business records of all kinds. 4. Tighter immigration laws to screen immigrants/visitors more thoroughly, (A) More thorough screening of credentials and backgrounds of visa applicants, (B) Tracking of movements of immigrants and other visiting foreign nationals through databases. (Krishnamurthy, 2001a) CRITERIA FOR ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING: (See additional charts posted be low by Krishnamurthy). POSSIBLE ACTIONS The proposed increases in security measures may be beneficial for the good of everyone if implemented in an impartial manner regardless to race, ethnicity, religion. Accountability and transparency in law enforcement procedures, especially on privacy issues must continue to be preserved, despite recent attacks. The judicial system must be empowered to deal effectively with all abuses of proposed security measures with regards to protecting the constitutional rights and liberties of all its citizens. It must also ensure anyone accused has adequate legal representation and a fair chance to prove their innocence. Ensure that the current atmosphere of rich ethnic and cultural diversity environment of the country with one another is not compromised. 1. Assess that this is a real and tangible problem we are facing. 2. If so, can it be handled without impacting/violating privacy at all. 3. If not, can it be handled by making it as less intrusive as possible. There are possibilities that additional lengthy investments for public infrastructure needed to be made nationwide to expand capability of existing systems or newly incorporated systems to handle the challenges. 5. VIRTUES APPROACH GOALS: A focus on individual development of virtues A thoughtful reflection on self-realization of human potential The developing virtuous habits and attitudes leading to ethical action throughout the communities. POSSIBLE ACTIONS An assessment of whether the proposed measures will reinforce positive virtues we hold important, such as our patriotism, self-sacrifice, compassion, patience and courage, or whether these options could harbor destructive traits leading to religious intolerance, less compassion, racism, fear, and suspicion. To impress upon more awareness through debates and discussions across the nation to distinguish religion from universal human values of peaceful co-existence, mutual respect, and non-violence, and  human dignity. To focus on cultivating tolerance, compassion and patience (Krishnamurthy, 2001c). The following abstract articles shows and or explains further privacy and security issues since the terrorism of 9/11/2001 put in place as part of measures private citizens may need to become accustomed to in their part of loss of privacy rights in their security of national security. Security and Privacy After September 11: The Health Care Example Abstract: The following article examines the collaboration between privacy and security in relations to the medical rule, issued in 2000 under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Studies shows that the HIPAA stands up well to concerns of post 9/11 era. Affairs about public safety are met by current provisions that permit revelations to protect national security, to react to emergency situations, and to respond to law enforcement investigations. The article examines in particular detail the envisioned Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, sketched in the wake of the 2001 anthrax attacks. It has been argued by Professors Lawrence Gostin and James Hodge that this Act is justified by a new â€Å"model of information sharing† for medical information purposes. This article concludes that public health concerns are suitably addressed by the existing HIPAA rule, and that a â€Å"model of information sharing† sends completely the wrong signal about how the health system will handle issues of data privacy and security. More generally, the article investigates positions of â€Å"security vs. privacy†, where both values are antagonistic, and situations of â€Å"security and privacy†, where both values work together. (Swire and Steinfeld January 22, 2003) Civil Liberties vs. Security: Public Opinion in the Context of the Terrorist Attacks on America Abstract: This abstract article discusses, in the tradition of research on political tolerance and democratic rights in context, this analysis uses a national survey of Americans directed shortly after the September 11, 2001 attack on America to study people’s eagerness to trade off civil liberties for grander personal safety and security. We find that the bigger people’s perception of threat, the lower their endorsement for civil liberties. This  effect interrelates, however, with trust in government. The lower people’s trust in government, the less willing they will agree for a trade off of civil liberties for security, regardless of their perceptions of threat. It is known that African Americans are much less likely or willing to trade civil liberties for security than their counterparts of whites or Latinos, even with other circumstances taken into account. This may be their long-standing commitment of their struggles for human and civil rights. In matters of party issues, liberals may be less likely to trade off civil liberties than moderates or conservatives, but liberals tend to converge toward the position taken by conservatives when their sense of the threat of terrorism becomes high. While this is not a projection of the future, the results suggest that Americans’ commitment to democratic values is greatly dependent on other concerns and that the context of a wide-ranging threat to national or personal security can provoke a considerable readiness to give up rights. (Davis & Silver, 2003) Mobile cameras as new technologies of surveillance? How citizens experience the use of mobile cameras in public nightscapes Abstract: In surveillance studies using mobile camera technologies in public nightscapes, terms such as sousveillance and inverse surveillance define forms of surveillance that have a bottom-up and democratic character. On the other hand, in this paper this democratic notion is queried by looking into procedures and occurrences with both Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and mobile cameras by Dutch citizens. By superseding in the nightlife district of the Rotterdami city centre, data has been collected on both mobile and CCTV camera confrontations. From this, an investigation is made into how mobile cameras are practiced in the Nightlife landscape. Comparing these practices with CCTV provides understanding into new surveillance issues that come into view due to the mobile camera. Analyzing surveillance technologies, provides prospective as hybrid groups, that may take different shapes in different places, and allows for involvements that attempts to improve our perception of current changes in the surveillance technology landscape. (Timan & Oudshoorn, 2012) The Spy in the Cab: The Use and Abuse of Taxicab Cameras in San Francisco Abstract: Since 2003 security cameras were required in San Francisco taxicabs. Their story has come to contain many features that are familiar to surveillance examinations. Their acceptability is explored of the trajectory using the concept of surveillance slack, and the stages and tensions where the line of use and abuse is has been drawn. The effectiveness of what the cameras are perceived to be doing, the integration of its use, and how the slackness or tautness of surveillance interacts in tension and conflicts. Since its first introduction, the new technology initial reaction was met with moral panic. This is just another element of privacy intrusion in the name of national security, the public now must adapt to. (Anderson, 2012) These abstracts are the several indications of elements put into place after the 9/11 Terrorist attacks in 2001. Privacy rights have eroded over the years since, by the US Government claims to protect its citizens. From cameras, in inconspicuous places, wire-tapping, and monitoring e-mail, and social sites, these are just a few of the acts we are controlled under. Needless to say, we may never see these laws or acts diminish anytime soon, so it is better to adjust now, and band together before further intrusions are brought upon society. My assessment of the information taken from this report is that the privacy rights we hold as individuals within the country are vague, although most Americans seem to think their rights are guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution . Although under the 14th Amendment a certain amount of rights has been guaranteed, even these rights can be limited by the powers of the U.S. Government, especially during a time of war, or other emerging acts. When you look at the broad powers of war, emergency acts, and even the powers that exists of the U.S. Congress, we can assume any privacy we hold true is basically up to the representatives we elect to represent us. We as a people of the republic come together when there are disasters, and acts of terror, and differs on many policies of the day, but what we have as collected group is the power of vote, and this power is what we can use to help balance the power of our existing government. The research of this paper was conducted using various sites concerning a  combination of privacy of individual citizens, versus the introduction of laws enacted by the US Government, since the terror attack of 9/11/2001. Taking in all the information collected, and analyzed, this report has been intended to show the privacy each citizen held before and after the attack. It comprised what the public has perceived as a given right, over what was actually allowed by law. Conclusion The Claim: What privacy rights should an individual lose to protect against terrorists? It gives society a level of feeling safe by the protections in place. The public can only maintain a limit of safety by giving up a degree of privacy to governmental agencies in order to protect this basic need; and it is a trade off to give up a certain amount of privacy. On one hand individual privacy seems to be an inherent right thought of by the public as a Constitutional right. On the other, it is limited rights given by the 14th Amendment. Whatever rights we hold true today is the norm, yet not all true rights we bear are in real existence. What remedies in the political system in the privacy of individual privacies versus national security protections and concerns? The courts have narrowed away some of these concerns, but the bulk of the powers still exists. Even though Congress has been hesitant to amend the Patriot Act, in fear of being too intrusive, the powers to be are that it has the power to limit the society’s individual rights. Throughout the years rights have been in decline, and we wonder whether it will be because of terrorist acts, the U.S. Patriot Act, or the Homeland Security Act, it is something we all will have to get accustomed to. References (Anderson, 2012) Surveillance & Society, ISSN 1477-7487  © Surveillance Studies Network, Retrieved from http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/cab_spy Bajaj, V. And Austen, I. (28 Sep 2010) B1 New York Times, Privacy vs. National Security: [Business/Financial Desk] http://search.proquest.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/docview/755073818/fulltext/13AA4752BA6755D6A1B/1?accountid=32521 Darren W. Davis, Brian D. Silver, (12 DEC 2003) American Journal Of Political Science, Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00054.x/abstract Downing, B. M. (2008, August 26th) The Agonist Retrieved from http://agonist.org/national_security_versus_individual_privacy_no_line/ (Kandra et al., Jan 2002): 37-41PC World 20. 1National security vs. online privacy http://search.proquest.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/docview/231422330/fulltext/13AA49614672EB98EE2/3?accountid=32521 Krishnamurthy, B. (Posted 11/01/01) Website. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Retrieved from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/briefings/privacy.html Linder, D. (2012). Exploring constitutional law. Informally published manuscript, educational, non-commercial site, umkc.edu, Kansas City, United States. Retrieved from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ft rials/conlaw/home.html Miltrano, T. (January 1, 2003) Web Page title. EDUCAUSEREVIEW ONLINE Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/civil-privacy-and-national-security-legislation-three-dimensional-view Swire, Peter P. and Steinfeld, Lauren, Security and Privacy After September 11: The Health Care Example. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=347322 (Timan & Oudshoorn, 2012) Surveillance & Society, ISSN 1477-7487  © Surveillance Studies Network, 2012 Retrieved from http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/mobiles Downing, (2008a) and (2008b) Krishnamurthy, (2001a), (2001b) and (2001c) Linder, (2012a) and (2012b)

How Racism Takes 7 Different Forms

Racism refers to a variety of practices, beliefs, social relations, and phenomena that work to reproduce a racial hierarchy and social structure that yield  superiority, power, and privilege for some, and discrimination and oppression for others. It can take several forms, including representational, ideological, discursive, interactional, institutional, structural,  and systemic. Racism exists when ideas and assumptions about racial categories  are used to justify and reproduce a racial hierarchy and racially structured society that unjustly limits access to resources, rights, and privileges  on the basis of race. Racism also occurs when this kind of unjust social structure is produced by the  failure  to account for race and  its  historical  and contemporary roles in society. Contrary to a dictionary definition, racism, as defined based on social science research and theory,  is about much more than race-based prejudice—it exists when an imbalance in power and social status is generated by how we understand and act upon race. The 7 Forms of Racism Racism takes seven main forms, according to social science. Rarely does any one exist on its own. Instead, racism typically operates as a combination of at least two forms working together, simultaneously. Independently and together, these seven forms of racism work to reproduce racist ideas, racist interactions and behavior, racist practices and policies, and an overall racist social structure. Representational Racism Depictions of racial stereotypes are common in popular culture and media, like the historical tendency to cast people of color as criminals and as victims of crime rather than in other roles, or as background characters rather than as leads in film and television. Also common are racial caricatures that are racist in their representations, like â€Å"mascots† for the Cleveland Indians, Atlanta Braves, and the Washington Redskins. The power of representational racism—or racism expressed in how racial groups are represented within popular culture—is that it encapsulates a whole range of racist ideas that imply inferiority, and often stupidity and untrustworthiness, in images that circulate society and permeate our culture. While those not directly harmed by representational racism might not take it seriously, the presence of such images and our interaction with them on a near-constant basis helps to keep alive the racist ideas attached to them. Ideological Racism Ideology is a word that sociologists use to refer to the world views, beliefs, and common sense ways of thinking that are normal in a society or culture. So, ideological racism is a kind of racism that colors and manifests in those things. It refers to world views, beliefs, and common sense ideas that are rooted in racial stereotypes and biases. A troubling example is the fact that many people in American society, regardless of their race, believe that  white and light skinned people are more intelligent than dark-skinned people and superior in a variety of other ways. Historically, this particular form of ideological racism supported and justified the building of European colonial empires and U.S. imperialism through the unjust acquisition of land, people, and resources around the world. Today, some common ideological forms of racism include the belief that Black women are sexually promiscuous, that Latina women are â€Å"fiery† or â€Å"hot-tempered,† and that black men and boys are criminally oriented. This form of racism has a negative impact on people of color as a whole because it works to deny them access to and/or success within education and the professional world, and subjects them to heightened police surveillance, harassment, and violence, among other negative outcomes. Discursive Racism Racism is often expressed linguistically, in the discourse we use to talk about the world and people in it. This kind of racism is expressed as racial slurs and hate speech, but also as code words that have racialized meanings embedded in them, like â€Å"ghetto,† â€Å"thug,† or â€Å"gangsta.† Just as representational racism communicates racist ideas through images, discursive racism communicates them through the actual words we use to describe people and places. Using words that rely on stereotypical racial differences to communicate explicit or implicit hierarchies perpetuates the racist inequalities that exist in society. Interactional Racism Racism often takes an interactional form, which means it is expressed in how we interact with each other. For example, a white or Asian woman walking on a sidewalk may cross the street to avoid passing closely by a black or Latino man because she is implicitly biased to see these men as potential threats. When a person of color is verbally or physically assaulted because of their race, this is interactional racism. When a neighbor calls the police to report a break-in because they do not recognize their black neighbor, or when someone automatically assumes that a person of color is a low-level employee or an assistant, though they might be a manager, executive, or owner of a business, this is interactional racism. Hate crimes are the most extreme manifestation of this form of racism. Interactional racism causes stress, anxiety, and emotional and physical harm to people of color on a daily basis. Institutional Racism Racism takes institutional form in the ways that policies and laws are crafted and put into practice through societys institutions, such as the decades-long set of policing and legal policies known as â€Å"The War on Drugs,† which has disproportionately targeted neighborhoods and communities that are composed predominantly of people of color. Other examples include New York City’s Stop-N-Frisk policy that overwhelmingly targets black and Latino males,  the practice among real estate agents and mortgage lenders of not allowing people of color to own property in certain neighborhoods and that force them to accept less desirable mortgage rates, and educational tracking policies that funnel children of color into remedial classes and trades programs. Institutional racism preserves and fuels the racial gaps in wealth, education, and social status, and serves to perpetuate white supremacy and privilege. Structural Racism Structural racism refers to the ongoing, historical, and long-term reproduction of the racialized structure of our society through a combination of all of the above forms. Structural racism manifests in widespread  racial segregation and stratification on the basis of education, income, and wealth, the recurrent displacement of people of color from neighborhoods that go through processes of gentrification, and the overwhelming burden of environmental pollution borne by people of color given its proximity to their communities. Structural racism results in large-scale, society-wide inequalities on the basis of race. Systemic Racism Many sociologists describe racism in the U.S. as systemic because the country was founded on racist beliefs that created racist policies and practices, and because that legacy lives today in the racism that courses throughout the entirety of our social system. This means that racism was built into the very foundation of our society, and because of this, it has influenced the development of social institutions, laws, policies, beliefs, media representations, and behaviors and interactions, among many other things. By this definition, the system itself is racist, so effectively addressing racism requires a system-wide approach that leaves nothing unexamined. Racism in Sum Sociologists observe a variety of styles or types of racism within these seven different forms. Some may be overtly racist, like the use of racial slurs or hate speech, or policies that intentionally discriminate against people on the basis of race. Others may be covert, kept to oneself, hidden from public view, or obscured by color-blind policies that purport to be race-neutral, though they have racist impacts. While something may not appear obviously racist at first glance, it may, in fact, prove to be racist when one examines the implications of it through a sociological lens. If it relies on stereotypical notions of race and reproduces a racially structured society, then it is racist. Due to the sensitive nature of race as a topic of conversation in American society, some have come to think that simply noticing race, or identifying or describing someone using race, is racist. Sociologists do not agree with this. In fact, many sociologists, race scholars, and anti-racist activists emphasize the importance of recognizing and accounting for race and racism as necessary in the pursuit of social, economic, and political justice.